One of the Best Pleasures in Life Is to Read a Book in Silence

Brazilian novelist and brusk story author (1920–1977)

Clarice Lispector
Lispector in 1969
Born	Chaya Pinkhasivna Lispector (1920-12-10)Dec ten, 1920 Chechelnyk, Ukrainian People'south Republic
Died	December 9, 1977(1977-12-09) (aged 56) Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Pen name	Helen Palmer, Teresa Quadros
Occupation	Author
Nationality	Brazilian
Spouse	Maury Gurgel Valente (m. 1943, div. 1959)
Children	2
Website
claricelispector.com.br

Clarice Lispector (born Chaya Pinkhasivna Lispector (Ukrainian: Хая Пінкасівна Ліспектор); Dec ten, 1920 – December ix, 1977) was a Ukrainian-born Brazilian novelist and short story writer acclaimed internationally for her innovative novels and brusk stories. Born to a Jewish family in Podolia in Western Ukraine, as an baby she moved to Brazil with her family, amidst the disasters engulfing her native country following the First World War.

She grew up in Recife, the capital of the northeastern land of Pernambuco, where her mother died when she was nine. The family moved to Rio de Janeiro when she was in her teens. While in law schoolhouse in Rio, she began publishing her commencement journalistic piece of work and curt stories, catapulting to fame at the age of 23 with the publication of her beginning novel, Near to the Wild Middle (Perto do Coração Selvagem), written every bit an interior monologue in a style and language that was considered revolutionary in Brazil.

She left Brazil in 1944, following her union to a Brazilian diplomat, and spent the next decade and a one-half in Europe and the Us. Later returning to Rio de Janeiro in 1959, she began producing her most famous works, including the stories of Family Ties (Laços de Família), the great mystic novel The Passion According to K.H. (A Paixão Segundo One thousand.H.), and what is arguably her masterpiece, Água Viva. Injured in an blow in 1966, she spent the concluding decade of her life in frequent pain, steadily writing and publishing novels and stories until her premature decease in 1977.

She has been the subject of numerous books, and references to her and her piece of work are common in Brazilian literature and music. Several of her works accept been turned into films. In 2009, the American writer Benjamin Moser published Why This World: A Biography of Clarice Lispector. Since that publication, her works accept been the object of an extensive project of retranslation, published past New Directions Publishing and Penguin Mod Classics, the first Brazilian to enter that prestigious series. Moser, who is also the editor of her anthology The Consummate Stories (2015), describes Lispector as the most of import Jewish writer in the world since Kafka.^[1]

Early life, emigration and Recife [edit]

Clarice Lispector was born in Chechelnyk, Podolia, a shtetl in what is today Ukraine. She was the youngest of three daughters of Pinkhas Lispector and Mania Krimgold Lispector. Her family suffered terribly in the pogroms during the Russian Civil State of war that followed the dissolution of the Russian Empire, circumstances later dramatized in her older sister Elisa Lispector's autobiographical novel No exílio (In Exile, 1948). They somewhen managed to abscond to Romania, from where they emigrated to Brazil, where her mother Mania had relatives. They sailed from Hamburg and arrived in Brazil in the early months of 1922, when Chaya was niggling more than a year old.

The Lispectors changed their names upon arrival. Pinkhas became Pedro; Mania became Marieta; Leah became Elisa, and Chaya became Clarice. Only the middle girl, Tania (April xix, 1915 – November 15, 2007), kept her name. They offset settled in the northeastern city of Maceió, Alagoas. Afterwards three years, during which Marieta's health deteriorated rapidly, they moved to the metropolis of Recife, Pernambuco, settling in the neighbourhood of Boa Vista, where they lived at number 367 in the Praça Maciel Pinheiro and later in the Rua da Imperatriz.^[two]

In Recife, where her father continued to struggle economically, her mother – who was paralysed (although some speculate she had been raped in the Ukraine pogroms,^[two] there is no confirmation on this past relatives and close friends ^[3]) – finally died on September 21, 1930, anile 42, when Clarice was nine. Clarice attended the Colégio Hebreo-Idisch-Brasileiro, which taught Hebrew and Yiddish in improver to the usual subjects. In 1932, she gained admission to the Ginásio Pernambucano, and then the most prestigious secondary schoolhouse in the state. A year later, strongly influenced past Hermann Hesse'southward Steppenwolf, she "consciously claimed the desire to write".^[iv]

In 1935, Pedro Lispector decided to move with his daughters to the then-capital, Rio de Janeiro, where he hoped to find more than economic opportunity and besides to find Jewish husbands for his daughters.^[ii] The family lived in the neighborhood of São Cristóvão, northward of downtown Rio, before moving to Tijuca. In 1937, she entered the Police School of the University of Brazil, and so 1 of the most prestigious institutions of higher learning in the country. Her commencement known story, "Triunfo", was published in the mag Pan on May 25, 1940.^[5] Soon later, on August 26, 1940, as a effect of a botched gallbladder operation, her beloved male parent died, aged 55.

While still in law school, Clarice began working equally a journalist, first at the official government press service the Agência Nacional and and then at the important newspaper A Noite. Lispector would come into contact with the younger generation of Brazilian writers, including Lúcio Cardoso, with whom she roughshod in beloved. Cardoso was gay, however, and she shortly began seeing a constabulary school colleague named Maury Gurgel Valente, who had entered the Brazilian Foreign Service, known as Itamaraty. In gild to marry a diplomat, she had to be naturalized, which she did as soon equally she came of age. On January 12, 1943, she was granted Brazilian citizenship. Eleven days later she married Gurgel.

Near to the Wild Eye [edit]

In Dec 1943, she published her kickoff novel, Perto practice coração selvagem (Near to the Wild Center). The novel, which tells of the inner life of a young adult female named Joana, caused a sensation. In October 1944, the volume won the prestigious Graça Aranha Prize for the all-time debut novel of 1943. Ane critic, the poet Lêdo Ivo, called it "the greatest novel a adult female has always written in the Portuguese language."^[6] Some other wrote that Clarice had "shifted the center of gravity around which the Brazilian novel had been revolving for nearly twenty years".^[seven] "Clarice Lispector'southward work appears in our literary world every bit the most serious attempt at the introspective novel," wrote the São Paulo critic Sérgio Milliet. "For the outset time, a Brazilian author goes across simple approximation in this almost virgin field of our literature; for the starting time time, an writer penetrates the depths of the psychological complexity of the modern soul."^[8]

This novel, like all of her subsequent works, was marked by an intense focus on interior emotional states. When the novel was published, many claimed that her stream-of-consciousness writing manner was heavily influenced by Virginia Woolf or James Joyce, only she merely read these authors later the book was ready.^[9] The epigraph from Joyce and the title, which is taken from Joyce's A Portrait of the Artist as a Immature Man, were both suggested by Lúcio Cardoso.

Before long afterwards, Clarice and Maury Gurgel left Rio for the northern city of Belém, in the land of Pará, at the mouth of the Amazon. In that location, Maury served as a liaison between the Strange Ministry building and the international visitors who were using northern Brazil as a armed services base in Globe State of war II.

Europe and the United States [edit]

On July 29, 1944, Clarice left Brazil for the kickoff time since she had arrived every bit a child, destined for Naples, where Maury was posted to the Brazilian Consulate.^[10] Naples was the staging post for the Brazilian troops of the Brazilian Expeditionary Strength whose soldiers were fighting on the Centrolineal side against the Nazis. She worked at the armed forces hospital in Naples taking care of wounded Brazilian troops^[11] In Rome, she met the Italian poet Giuseppe Ungaretti, who translated parts of Near to the Wild Eye, and had her portrait painted by Giorgio de Chirico. In Naples she completed her second novel, O Lustre (The Chandelier, 1946), which like the first focused on the interior life of a daughter, this time i named Virgínia. This longer and more difficult volume likewise met with an enthusiastic disquisitional reception, though its impact was less sensational than Almost to the Wild Heart. "Possessed of an enormous talent and a rare personality, she volition have to suffer, fatally, the disadvantages of both, since she so amply enjoys their benefits", wrote Gilda de Melo east Sousa [pt].^[12] After a brusk visit to Brazil in 1946, Clarice and Maury returned to Europe in April 1946, where Maury was posted to the embassy in Bern, Switzerland. This was a time of considerable boredom and frustration for Lispector, who was oft depressed. "This Switzerland," she wrote her sister Tania, "is a cemetery of sensations."^[13] Her son Pedro Gurgel Valente was born in Bern on September 10, 1948, and in the city she wrote her tertiary novel, A cidade sitiada (The Besieged City, 1946).

In Switzerland, in Bern, I lived on the Gerechtigkeitsgasse, that is, Justice Street. In front of my business firm, in the street, was the colored statue, property the scales. Around, crushed kings begging perhaps for a pardon. In the winter, the little lake in the middle of which the statue stood, in the winter the freezing h2o, sometimes brittle with a thin layer of ice. In the spring ruby-red geraniums … And the all the same-medieval street: I lived in the old part of the metropolis. What saved me from the monotony of Bern was living in the Middle Ages, it was waiting for the snow to pass and for the red geraniums to be reflected once again in the h2o, it was having a son born there, it was writing 1 of my least liked books, The Besieged City, which, however, people come to like when they read it a 2nd fourth dimension; my gratitude to that book is enormous: the endeavour of writing information technology kept me busy, saved me from the appalling silence of Bern, and when I finished the concluding affiliate I went to the hospital to give birth to the boy.^[14]

The book Lispector wrote in Bern, The Besieged City, tells the story of Lucrécia Neves, and the growth of her town, São Geraldo, from a picayune settlement to a large metropolis. The book, which is full of metaphors of vision and seeing, met with a tepid reception and was "peradventure the least loved of Clarice Lispector's novels", according to a close friend of Lispector's.^[fifteen] Sérgio Milliet concluded that "the author succumbs beneath the weight of her own richness."^[16] And the Portuguese critic João Gaspar Simões wrote: "Its hermeticism has the texture of the hermeticism of dreams. May someone find the key."^[17]

After leaving Switzerland in 1949 and spending nearly a twelvemonth in Rio, Clarice and Maury Gurgel Valente traveled to Torquay, Devon, where Maury was a consul to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). They remained in England from September 1950 until March 1951. Lispector liked England, though she suffered a miscarriage on a visit to London.^[18]

In 1952, dorsum in Rio, where the family would stay about a yr, Lispector published a short volume of six stories called Alguns contos (Some Stories) in a small edition sponsored by the Ministry of Education and Health. These stories formed the core of the afterward Laços de família (Family Ties), 1961. She too worked under the pseudonym Teresa Quadros as a women's columnist at the short-lived newspaper Comício.

In September, 1952, the family moved to Washington, D.C., where they would live until June 1959. They bought a firm at 4421 Ridge Street in the suburb of Chevy Chase, Maryland. On Feb 10, 1953, her second son Paulo was born. She grew close to the Brazilian writer Érico Veríssimo, then working for the Organization of American States, and his wife Mafalda, every bit well as to the wife of the administrator, Alzira Vargas [pt], daughter of the sometime Brazilian dictator Getúlio Vargas. She besides began publishing her stories in the new mag Senhor, back in Rio. Simply she was increasingly discontented with the diplomatic milieu. "I hated it, but I did what I had to […] I gave dinner parties, I did everything you're supposed to do, but with a cloy…"^[xix] She increasingly missed her sisters and Brazil, and in June 1959, she left her husband and returned with her sons to Rio de Janeiro, where she would spend the balance of her life.

Final years [edit]

Family Ties [edit]

In Brazil, Lispector struggled financially and tried to find a publisher for the novel she had completed in Washington several years before, too as for her book of stories, Laços de família (Family Ties) This book incorporated the half-dozen stories of Some Stories along with 7 new stories, some of which had been published in Senhor. Information technology was published in 1960. The book, her friend Fernando Sabino wrote her, was "exactly, sincerely, indisputably, and fifty-fifty humbly, the best book of stories ever published in Brazil."^[twenty] And Érico Veríssimo said: "I haven't written near your book of stories out of sheer embarrassment to tell you what I call up of information technology. Here goes: the about important story collection published in this land since Machado de Assis", Brazil's classic novelist.^[21]

The Apple in the Dark [edit]

A Maçã no escuro (The Apple tree in the Night), which she had begun in Torquay, had been ready since 1956 just was repeatedly rejected by publishers, to Lispector's despair. Her longest novel and perhaps her well-nigh complex, it was finally published in 1961 by the same firm that had published Family Ties, the Livraria Francisco Alves [pt] in São Paulo. Driven by interior dialogue rather than by plot, its purported subject is a man called Martim, who believes he has killed his wife and flees deep into the Brazilian interior, where he finds work as a farm laborer. The existent concerns of the highly allegorical novel are linguistic communication and creation. In 1962, the work was awarded the Carmen Dolores Barbosa Prize for the best novel of the previous year. Around this time she began a relationship with the poet Paulo Mendes Campos, an old friend. Mendes Campos was married and the relationship did not endure.^[22]

The Passion Co-ordinate to G.H. and The Foreign Legion [edit]

In 1964, she published ane of her most shocking and famous books, A paixão segundo Thou.H., most a adult female who, in the maid'southward room of her comfortable Rio penthouse, endures a mystical experience that leads to her eating role of a cockroach. In the same year, she published some other book of stories and miscellany, The Foreign Legion.

The American translator Gregory Rabassa, who first encountered Lispector in the mid 1960s, at a conference on Brazilian literature, in Texas, recalled being "flabbergasted to encounter that rare person [Lispector] who looked similar Marlene Dietrich and wrote like Virginia Woolf".^[23]

On September 14, 1966, she suffered a terrible accident in her apartment. Subsequently taking a sleeping pill, she fell asleep in her bed with a lit cigarette. She was desperately injured and her right hand almost had to be amputated.

The fire I suffered a while dorsum partially destroyed my right hand. My legs were marked forever. What happened was very lamentable and I prefer not to think about it. All I tin say is that I spent three days in hell, where—so they say—bad people go later death. I don't consider myself bad and I experienced information technology while still alive.^[24]

The next year, she published her showtime children's volume, O Mistério exercise coelho pensante (The Mystery of the Thinking Rabbit, 1967), a translation of a book she had written in Washington, in English, for her son Paulo. In August 1967, she began writing a weekly cavalcade ("crônica") for the Jornal do Brasil, an of import Rio newspaper, which profoundly expanded her fame beyond the intellectual and artistic circles that had long admired her. These pieces were later collected in the posthumous work A Descoberta practice mundo (The Discovery of the World, 1984).

The Woman Who Killed the Fish and An Apprenticeship or The Book of Pleasuresouth [edit]

In 1968, Lispector participated in the political demonstrations against Brazil's hardening armed forces dictatorship, and too published two books: her second work for children, A Mulher que matou os peixes (The Woman Who Killed the Fish), in which the narrator, Clarice, confesses to having forgotten to feed her son's fish, and An Apprenticeship orThe Book of Pleasures.

Her first novel since 1000.H., Uma Aprendizagem ou O Livro dos Prazeres was a love story between a primary teacher, Lóri, and a philosophy teacher, Ulisses. The book drew on her writings in her newspaper columns, every bit she conducted interviews for the glossy magazine Manchete. The volume received a new translation in Apr 2021 by New Directions. Cleveland Review of Books chosen it "a novel about the altitude betwixt people, just also the distances between the self and the self, the self and "the God."^[25]

Covert Joy and Água viva (The Stream of Life) [edit]

In 1971, Lispector published another book of stories, Felicidade clandestina (Covert Joy), several of which hearkened dorsum to memories of her childhood in Recife. She began working on the book that many would consider her finest, Água Viva (The Stream of Life), though she struggled to consummate it. Olga Borelli, a erstwhile nun who entered her life around this time and became her faithful assistant and friend, recalled:

She was insecure and asked a few people for their stance. With other books Clarice didn't show that insecurity. With Água viva she did. That was the only fourth dimension I saw Clarice hesitate earlier handing in a book to the publisher. She herself said that.^[26]

When the book came out in 1973, information technology was instantly acclaimed as a masterpiece. "With this fiction," i critic wrote, "Clarice Lispector awakens the literature currently being produced in Brazil from a depressing and degrading lethargy and elevates it to a level of universal perennity and perfection."^[27] The book is an interior monologue with an unnamed starting time person narrator to an unnamed "you", and has been described as having a musical quality, with the frequent return of sure passages.^[28] Água viva was first translated into English in 1978 every bit The Stream of Life, with a new translation past Stefan Tobler published in 2012.^[28]

Where Were You at Dark and The Via Crucis of the Trunk [edit]

In 1974, Lispector published two books of stories, Onde estivestes de noite (Where Were Yous at Night)—which focuses in office on the lives of aging women—and A via crucis practise corpo (The Via Crucis of the Trunk). Though her previous books had frequently taken her years to consummate, the latter was written in three days, after a challenge from her publisher, Álvaro Pacheco, to write three stories nearly themes relating to sex activity. Part of the reason she wrote and so much may accept had to do with her having been unexpectedly fired from the Jornal exercise Brasil at the end of 1973, which put her under increasing fiscal pressure level. She began to paint and intensified her activeness every bit a translator, publishing translations of Agatha Christie, Oscar Wilde, and Edgar Allan Poe.

In 1975 she was invited to the Start World Congress of Sorcery in Bogotá, an event which garnered wide press coverage and increased her notoriety. At the conference, her story "The Egg and the Hen", first published in The Foreign Legion, was read in English.

"The Egg and the Hen" is mysterious and does indeed have a bit of occultism. Information technology is a difficult and profound story. That is why I call up the audience, very mixed, would accept been happier if I had pulled a rabbit out of my hat. Or fallen into a trance. Listen, I never did annihilation like that in my life. My inspiration does not come from the supernatural, but from unconscious elaboration, which comes to the surface equally a kind of revelation. Moreover, I don't write in order to gratify everyone else.^[29]

A Breath of Life and The Hour of the Star [edit]

Lispector worked on a book chosen Um sopro de vida: pulsações (A Breath of Life: Pulsations) that would be published posthumously in the mid-1970s. The book consists of a dialogue between an "Author" and his creation, Angela Pralini, a character whose name was borrowed from a character in a story in Where Were You at Dark. She used this fragmentary form for her final and maybe most famous novel, A Hora da estrela (The Hour of the Star, 1977), piecing the story together, with the help of Olga Borelli, from notes scrawled on loose bits of paper. The 60 minutes of the Star tells the story of Macabéa, one of the iconic characters in Brazilian literature, a starving, poor typist from Alagoas, the land where Lispector's family unit first arrived, lost in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Macabéa's name refers to the Maccabees, and is one of the very few overtly Jewish references in Lispector'south work. Its explicit focus on Brazilian poverty and marginality was as well new.

Expiry [edit]

Shortly subsequently The 60 minutes of the Star was published, Lispector was admitted to the infirmary. She had inoperable ovarian cancer, though she was not told the diagnosis. She died on the eve of her 57th birthday and was buried on December 11, 1977, at the Jewish Cemetery of Caju, Rio de Janeiro.^{[ citation needed ]}

Awards and honors [edit]

2013 All-time Translated Book Laurels, shortlist, A Breath of Life: Pulsations ^[30]
2016 PEN Translation Prize, winner, The Complete Stories, trans. Katrina Dodson^[31]
In 2018 a Google Doodle was created to gloat her 98th birthday.^[32]

Bibliography [edit]

Novels [edit]

Perto do Coração Selvagem (1943) – Near to the Wild Heart – Translated by Alison Entrekin
O Lustre (1946) – The Chandelier – Translated by Benjamin Moser and Magdalena Edwards
A Cidade Sitiada (1949) – The Besieged Metropolis – Translated by Johnny Lorenz
A Maçã no Escuro (1961) The Apple tree in the Nighttime – Translated by Gregory Rabassa
A Paixão segundo G.H. (1964) – The Passion Co-ordinate to Thousand.H. – Translated by Idra Novey
Uma Aprendizagem ou O Livro dos Prazeres (1969) – An Apprenticeship or The Book of Pleasures – Translated by Richard A. Mazzara and Lorri A. Parris (1986); translated by Stefan Tobler (2021)
Água viva (1973) – Translated in 1978 by Elizabeth Lowe and Earl Fitz as The Stream of Life. Translated in 2012 by Stefan Tobler retaining original title.
A hora da Estrela (1977) – The Hour of the Star – Translated in 1992 past Giovanni Pontiero and in 2011 by Benjamin Moser
Um Sopro de Vida (1978) – A Breath of Life – Translated by Johnny Lorenz

Curt story collections [edit]

Alguns contos (1952) – Some Stories
Laços de família (1960) – Family Ties. Includes works previously published in Alguns Contos.
A legião estrangeira (1964) – The Foreign Legion
Felicidade clandestina (1971) – Covert Joy
A imitação da rosa (1973) – The Faux of the Rose. Includes previously published material.
A via crucis do corpo (1974) – The Via Crucis of the Trunk
Onde estivestes de noite (1974) – Where You Were at Night
Para não esquecer (1978) – Not to Forget
A bela e a fera (1979) – Beauty and the Beast
The Complete Stories (2015) – Translated by Katrina Dodson

Children'south literature [edit]

O Mistério practise Coelho Pensante (1967) – The Mystery of the Thinking Rabbit
A mulher que matou os peixes (1968) – The Woman Who Killed the Fish
A Vida Íntima de Laura (1974) – Laura's Intimate Life
Quase de verdade (1978) – Virtually True
Como nasceram equally estrelas: Doze lendas brasileiras (1987) – How the Stars were Built-in: Twelve Brazilian Legends

Journalism and other shorter writings [edit]

A Descoberta do Mundo (1984) – The Discovery of the Earth (named Selected Chronicas in the English language version). Lispector'south newspaper columns in the Jornal do Brasil.
Visão exercise esplendor (1975) – Vision of Splendor
De corpo inteiro (1975) – With the Whole Body. Lispector'southward interviews with famous personalities.
Aprendendo a viver (2004) – Learning to Live. A selection of columns from The Discovery of the World.
Outros escritos (2005) – Other Writings. Various texts including interviews and stories.
Correio feminino (2006) – Ladies' Postal service. Choice of Lispector'southward texts, written pseudonymously, for Brazilian women's pages.
Entrevistas (2007) – Interviews

Correspondence [edit]

Cartas perto practice coração (2001) – Letters near the Heart. Letters exchanged with Fernando Sabino.
Correspondências (2002) – Correspondence
Minhas queridas (2007) – My dears. Letters exchanged with her sisters Elisa Lispector and Tania Lispector Kaufmann.

References [edit]

^ Ha, T. H., "Clarice Lispector'southward Magical Prose", The Atlantic, Aug. 21, 2015.
^ ^a ^b ^c Moser, Benjamin (October 2012). "The most important Jewish writer since Kafka?". Jewish Renaissance. 12 (1): 18–nineteen.
^ Gotlib, Nádia Battella, Clarice, uma vida que se conta (in Portuguese), São Paulo, Ática, 1995; Ferreira, Teresa Cristina Montero, European union sou uma pergunta (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro, Rocco, 1999.
^ Lispector, Clarice. "Escrever." In: A Descoberta do mundo, p. 304.
^ Gotlib, Nádia Battella. Clarice Fotobiografia, São Paulo, Edusp, 2007, p. 123.
^ Instituto Moreira Salles, Clarice Lispector: Cadernos de Literatura Brasileira, IMS, p. 49.
^ Jorge de Lima, "Romances de Mulher", Gazeta de Notícias, November ane, 1944.
^ Sérgio Milliet, Diário Crítico, Vol. 2.
^ Lispector, Clarice. "Correspondências – Clarice Lispector (organized by Teresa Montero)", Rio de Janeiro, Rocco, 2002. Based on private messages she exchanged with Lúcio Cardoso and her sis Tania.
^ Gotlib, p. 172.
^ Moser, Benjamin (2009). Why this World: A Biography of Clarice Lispector. Oxford Academy Printing. ISBN 978-0195385564. p. 146.
^ De Mello east Souza, Gilda. "O lustre," Estado de S. Paulo, July fourteen, 1946.
^ Olga Borelli, Clarice Lispector: esboço para um possível retrato, p. 114.
^ Lispector, "Lembrança de uma fonte, de uma cidade." In: A Descoberta, p. 286.
^ Marly de Oliveira quoted in Regina Pontieri, Clarice Lispector, Uma poética do olhar, p. 37.
^ Sérgio Milliet, Diário Crítico, Vol. VII, pp. 33-34.
^ João Gaspar Simões, "Clarice Lispector 'Existencialista' ou 'Supra-realista'", Diário Carioca (May 28, 1950).
^ Edilberto Coutinho, Criaturas de papel, p. 170.
^ Lispector, Outros escritos, p. 161.
^ Fernando Sabino and Clarice Lispector, Cartas perto do coração, p. 124.
^ Lispector, Correspondências, Érico Veríssimo to Lispector (September three, 1961).
^ Her marriage with the diplomat Maury Gurgel Valente seems to have been a union of convenience. Gurgel was more interested than she was. Postal service-Gurgel, male parent of her children, Clarice fell in love with small poet Paulo Mendes Campos ("Byron, at 23"). "For a cursory time, Clarice and Paulinho lived a groovy passion. (...) They were an odd couple: Clarice, tall, blond and glamorous; and Paulinho (...) short, nighttime and, despite his amuse, physically unattractive." In terms of neurosis, the two were made for each other," said Ivan Lessa. In Bula Revista (13/01/2010) by Euler França Belém
^ Salamon, Julie (March 11, 2005). "An Enigmatic Author Who Can Be Addictive". The New York Times. nytimes.com. Retrieved March 31, 2018.
^ Gotlib, p. 368.
^ "The Zippo is The Everything: On Clarice Lispector's "An Apprenticeship or The Book of Pleasures"". Cleveland Review of Books . Retrieved 2021-12-07 .
^ Franco Júnior, Arnaldo. "Clarice, segundo Olga Borelli", Minas Gerais Suplemento Literário, December 19, 1987, pp. 8-9.
^ Ribeiro, Leo Gilson. "Automobile-inspeção." Veja (September xix, 1973).
^ ^a ^b "Clarice Lispector'south Água Viva" Archived 2013-10-20 at the Wayback Machine, Iowa Review.
^ Isa Cambará, "Clarice Lispector--Não escrevo para agradar a ninguém," Folha de S.Paulo, September 10, 1975.
^ Republic of chad W. Mail (April 10, 2013). "2013 Best Translated Book Award: The Fiction Finalists". Three Per centum . Retrieved Apr 11, 2013.
^ "2016 PEN Translation Prize". pen.org. v November 2015. Retrieved 16 Aug 2018.
^ "Clarice Lispector'due south 98th Birthday". world wide web.google.com . Retrieved 2018-12-10 .

External links [edit]

Official site (in Portuguese)
The Brazilian Sphinx. By Lorrie Moore. NY Review of Books, September 24, 2009
An appreciation by Anderson Tepper in Nextbook
Clarice Lispector: An Influential and Original Brazilian Writer
Biographcal timeline in English, translated from the Portuguese, at Vidos Lusófonas
Interview with TV Cultura, Sao Paulo, February 1977 Portuguese with English subtitles.
Reviews of journalistic prose

moralesmourrought.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarice_Lispector